11. A feudális hierarchia
A feudális társadalmi rend 1000 körül alakult ki. A Karoling Birodalom felbomlása után és a vándornépek támadásai nyomán Nyugat-Európa lakossága nem érezte biztonságban magát, ezért a nagybirtokosokhoz fordult oltalomért.
A vazallus (szolga, alárendelt személy) hűséget esküdött a seniornak (hűbérúr), amiért cserébe védelmet és feudumnak nevezett földbirtokot kapott:
- ez a homágium (hűségeskü) és beiktatás keretén belül valósult meg
- a feudum egy vagy több faluból, de akár egy egész fejedelemségből is állhatott
- mindenki vazallusa volt valakinek
- a király Isten vazallusa volt (pld. Én, Mátyás Isten kegyelméből Magyarország, Horvátország stb. királya)
- főeskü – ha egy vazallus több seniornak is hűséget esküdött, azt kellett elsősorban segítse, akinek a főesküt letette
- immunitás – egyes földbirtokok teljes védelmet kaptak mindenfajta beavatkozás alól
- a seniorok saját birtokukon monopóliumokat (kizárólagos jogokat) élveztek, pld. halászat, vadászat
- az uradalom központhában a vár állt – a földesúr lakhelye, hatalmának jelképe, amely veszély esetén menedéket nyújtott az uradalom parasztjainak is
- magaslatokra, szigetekre, elárasztható területekre építették
- a főépület az öregtorony (donjon) volt, a vártulajdonos családjának lakhelye
- a donjont védőtornyokkal ellátott magas és vastag falak övezték
- ezeket a falakat vizesárok vette körbe, amelyen a felvonóhídon keresztül lehetett átkelni.
Hozzászólások
Hozzászólások megtekintése
<a href="https://www.sextyb.com/">рус порно
</a>
online casino games philippines gcash
casino-online-ceb, 2022.04.06 18:58
<a href=https://casino-online-ceb.site>3kings online casino</a>
There are thousands of sulcus machines on the bailiwick of decorous land-based casinos. Some establishments boast thousands of installed machines. In augmentation, there are clubs in the nation with computer terminals on which gambling video games resembling video poker are installed, licensed by way of PAGCOR. The country is a major industrialist of modern vacancy machines over the extent of casinos around the world (close to 10% of society production).
<a href=https://casino-online-ceb.site>nueve gaming online casino</a>
online casino 747
casino-online-sr, 2022.04.06 18:18
<a href=https://casino-online-sr.site>cambet online casino</a>
The gambling topic in Serbia has a large history. As a contraption for the unfolding of remunerative and tourism industries, it was employed after the Backer World War, tranquil during the duration of Yugoslavia.
The original official law on gambling was adopted past the authorities in the sixties of the twentieth century. According to its provisions, gambling was divided into two pronounced categories:
classic games;
determined gambling.
<a href=https://casino-online-sr.site>mw play online casino</a>
online casino
Dominiclab, 2022.04.06 17:34
solaire online casino
no deposit bonus online casino
max bet online casino
inplay online casino
casino online garuda999
online casino canada
online casino 747
747.live online casino
pagcor online casino
online casino app real money philippines
<a href=http://porno-hub.com/crtr/cgi/out.cgi?id=412&l=top_top&u=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=https://www.youa.eu/r.php?u=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=https://www.shareist.com/go2.php?to=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=http://maps.google.co.ao/url?q=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=http://m.ok.ru/dk?st.cmd=outLinkWarning&st.cln=off&st.typ=link&st.rtu=/dk?st.cmd=altGroupFeeds&st.groupId=52889136595199&st.frwd=on&st.page=1&_prevCmd=altGroupFeeds&tkn=6297&st.rfn=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=https://google.me/url?q=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=https://google.com.ly/url?q=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=https://illinois-springfield-csm.symplicity.com/track/2d31590bc927b6736028a22626cb1416/2110826857/realurl=http:/casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=http://sites-jeux.ouah.fr/include/redirect.php?type=3&id=1&href=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=https://www.willowbridgemarina.co.uk/JumpTo.aspx?url=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=http://ho.io/hoiospam.php?url=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=https://maps.google.mw/url?q=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=http://auhoney.net/link.php?url=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=https://www.softwaretraining.co.uk/JumpTo.aspx?url=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=https://www.iexprofs.nl/go/14940/link.aspx?url=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
online casino
<a href=http://linky.hu/go?fr=http://linky.hu/scheduled.php&url=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=http://maps.google.co.ug/url?q=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=https://www.niumawu.com/go.php?url=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=https://www.top50-solar.de/newsclick.php?id=109338&link=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=https://www.surinenglish.com/backend/conectar.php?url=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=https://techfocusmedia.net/adserver/www/delivery/ck.php?ct=1&oaparams=2__bannerid=10166__zoneid=149__cb=02abd8c66c__oadest=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=http://www.savannahbuffett.com/redirect.php?link_id=53&link_url=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=http://psychology.net.ru/talk//jump.html?https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=http://images.google.com.ly/url?q=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=http://twmotel.com/function/showlink.php?FileName=Link_Facebook&membersn=882&Link=https://www.casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=https://www.highstakesdb.com/revad/www/delivery/ck.php?ct=1&oaparams=2__bannerid=204__zoneid=4__cb=f59872f1f6__oadest=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=https://www.surfbet.net/phpads/adclick.php?bannerid=34&zoneid=14&source=&dest=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=https://archive.gathering.org/tg11/redir/casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=https://www.e-act.nl/ah/sml?a=1041&e=0&r=0&c=0&m=0&t=83072&s=m7&u=https://www.casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
<a href=http://images.google.al/url?q=https://casino-online-sr.site>online casino</a>
Test
CrystalScons, 2022.04.06 16:42
порно фото девушек
<a href="https://www.kon4a.com/">https://www.kon4a.com/</a>
mantul88 slot online
Dennisdix, 2022.04.06 15:15<a href=https://35.240.186.245/mantul88>mantul88 slot online</a>
Test
SylviaBlums, 2022.04.06 14:59
порно первый анал
<a href="https://pornoashan.com/">https://pornoashan.com/</a>
cougar and milf
pamsmulk, 2022.04.06 14:03
cuckold в фильмах
http://sha.org.sg/?URL=tubesweet.com
http://www.fjt2.net/gate/gb/tubesweet.com/
<a href=https://booking.destrise.com/all-aboard-the-rocky-mountaineer/#comment-439619>my asian boobs</a> <a href=https://hipnomedia.com/foro/post1548107.html#p1548107>stock teens</a> 6c90ca6
Test
AmberTub, 2022.04.06 13:30
порно больший жопа
<a href="http://www.tutebut.com/">http://www.tutebut.com/</a>
canadian pharmacy drugs online
BobbyFup, 2022.04.06 12:02
compound pharmacy <a href=https://keuybc.estranky.sk/clanky/30-facts-you-must-know--a-covid-cribsheet.html#>canadian pharmacy </a>
online canadian pharcharmy <a href="https://gwertvb.mystrikingly.com/#">canada pharmaceuticals online </a>
pharmacies shipping to usa https://weruybsd.fireblogz.com/39575666/four-issues-to-do-immediately-about-online-pharmacies
Cats, Canines And 1xBet Online Casino
AaronTew, 2022.04.06 10:15All kinds of card video games, table games, ports, Poker, Indian video games, etc. , are offered to bet on. These are not just the 1 win slots that every person is so made use of <a href=https://casino-en-1xbet.site>onexbet </a> to, but additionally poker, roulette, tv video games with live suppliers, along with the most preferred crash video game of 2020 - the 1xBet <a href=https://casino-en-1xbet.site>onexbet casino </a> aircraft (or aircraft video game as some individuals claim). Play gambling establishment video games with the fingers of one hand. How to play video games at 1xBet online casino? For all kinds of amusement, there are even more than 3000 games and also ports for you to attempt from leading developers such as 1 2, Quickspin, PlaysonDirect, NetEnt, Spinomenal, BetSoft, Evoplay. All settlements are as clear as feasible, money is withdrawn without a compensation within an hour. The website additionally actively promotes repayments in cryptocurrency. The present discount code is 1BONUS2021. Keep in mind that it can be transformed, so prior to triggering it examine the current one in the Promo code area on the original 1xBet website. All game sessions on the site as well as in the application are secured, and there is no risk of leak of personal data. All deals are made with the cashier as well as are available on the internet site, in the customer on the PC, and in the mobile app 1xBet for Android as well as iOS.
Губернатор Челябинской области подписал распоряжение о возрождении казачества
Jeffreynox, 2022.04.06 09:26<a href=https://chel-week.ru/16029-gubernator-chelyabinskoj-oblasti-podpisal.html>Губернатор Челябинской области подписал распоряжение о возрождении казачества.</a> Петр Сумин подписал распоряжение о создании рабочей группы по делам казачества. Рабочая группа образована в Челябинской области в рамках реализации концепции государственной политики РФ в от
mods minecraft
Jeffreybiage, 2022.04.06 08:44
mods packs for minecraft 1.8
best mods for minecraft 1.14
minecraft mods for education edition
minecraft mods for nintendo switch
minecraft mods for xbox 360 downloads
mods for minecraft 1.12
mods for minecraft pe 0.12
block launcher mods for minecraft pe
minecraft mods for ps4
minecraft mods for 1.16 5
<a href=http://www.haogaoyao.com/proad/default.aspx?url=minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=http://3devilmonsters.com/cgi-bin/at3/out.cgi?id=214&trade=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=https://www.plastico.com/ClicksBS?iddb=128882&cb=Portal&tb=PG&idb=73&ns=Seccion1&co=ProminentBanner&idd=&ide=349221&ud=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=https://www.angiexxx.com/cgi-bin/autorank/out.cgi?id=sabrinaj&url=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=https://www.thislife.net/cgi-bin/webcams/out.cgi?id=playgirl&url=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=http://pic.pwwq.com/wife/out.cgi?id=00075&url=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=http://m.ok.ru/dk?st.cmd=outLinkWarning&st.cln=off&st.typ=link&st.rtu=/dk?st.cmd=altGroupForum&st.tagId=-59161359&st.groupId=54209782284402&_prevCmd=altGroupForum&tkn=6589&st.rfn=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=http://www.infoholix.net/redirect.php?mWeb=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=https://images.google.ps/url?sa=t&url=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=https://darudar.org/external/?link=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=https://track.affclkr.com/track/clicks/3171/c627c2b89e0522dbfe9cbd2e8d2b8914736245cb75e9f0ab416db1046005?t=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=http://jump.2ch.net/?https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=http://cse.google.cm/url?q=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=https://links.rafflecopter.com/rcapi/v1/raffles/~08c80b99187/?e=141485194587cafe4e2ee895&u=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=https://maps.google.sh/url?q=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
mods minecraft
<a href=https://www.d-e-a.eu/newsletter/redirect.php?link=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=https://leffingeleuren.be/?URL=minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=https://m.prisjakt.no/redirect?link=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=https://brrehab.com/site.php?pageID=1&bannerID=33&vmoment=1602971665&url=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=http://mvdemidov.com/bitrix/rk.php?goto=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=https://nowlifestyle.com/redir.php?k=9a4e080456dabe5eebc8863cde7b1b48&url=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=https://images.google.by/url?q=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=https://www.mnogo.ru/out.php?link=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=https://x2.mookie1.com/t/v2/click?tagid=V2_369445&src.creativeid=1-Email&src.placementid=1226B&redirect_url=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=http://old.roofnet.org/external.php?link=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=http://www.iatn.net/redirect?url=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=https://finalcashback.net/link.php?i=4ec4a98f6a6b4&m=54a556a3a9f3e&guid=ON&url=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=http://maps.google.com.bo/url?q=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=https://m.wedkuje.pl/_mobile/_redirect.php?redir=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
<a href=https://eshop.pasic.cz/redir.asp?WenId=13&WenUrlLink=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods minecraft</a>
free spins no deposit online casino
casino-online-fa, 2022.04.06 08:43
<a href=https://casino-online-fa.site>online bitcoin casino usa btccasino2021.com</a>
From point immemorial, the inhabitants of Iran called their country that mode, but the elderly Greeks called it Persia, and other European countries picked up this tradition. This continued until 1935, when Reza Shah Pahlavi insisted that other states utilize the monicker Iran. But in the historical and cultural context, the style "Persia" is but instances used. Developers from the Merkur party also resorted to it, releasing a free Gold of Persia place instrument, which is the cause of a array from Casinoz
<a href=https://casino-online-fa.site>online casino bitcoin address invalid btccasino2021.com</a>
casino online nl
OscarKnort, 2022.04.06 07:22
online casino
online casino paysafe
online casino paypal
online casino with live dealer www.indaxis.com
online casino snelle uitbetaling
best online casino
casino online
top online casino
best online casino ideal
casino online ideal
<a href=https://svb.trackerrr.com/pingback.php?url=casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=https://alganika.com/bitrix/redirect.php?event1=news_out&event2=http%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F&event3=%CA%CD%C4%D0+%F5%EE%F7%E5%F2+%EA+2030+%E3%EE%E4%F3+%F3%E4%E2%EE%E8%F2%FC+%EF%F0%EE%E8%E7%E2%EE%E4%F1%F2%E2%EE+%E7%E5%F0%ED%E0&goto=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=http://nakatis.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?event1=linkout&event2=med122.com&event3=&goto=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=https://www.google.dz/url?q=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=https://catalog.ehgriffith.com/redirect.php?action=url&goto=casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=http://hotinterracialfuck.com/crtr/cgi/out.cgi?id=45&url=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=http://images.google.de/url?q=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=http://www.tagirov.org/out.php?url=casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=http://landbidz.com/redirect.asp?url=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=https://redir.tradedoubler.com/projectr/?_td_deeplink=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=http://blog.xaoyo.net/urlredirect.php?go=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=http://anorexicgirls.net/cgi-bin/atc/out.cgi?id=20&u=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=https://creativa.su/away.php?url=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=http://www.goodstop10.com/t/go.php?url=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=https://www.youtube.com/redirect?v=fTRmTEA16qE&event=video_description&redir_token=kUNd9qf2CsurrU-AYPCFtko__iN8MTUyNDExMDEyOUAxNTI0MDIzNzI5&q=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
casino online nl
<a href=http://m.ok.ru/dk?st.cmd=outLinkWarning&st.cln=off&st.typ=link&st.rtu=/dk?st.cmd=altGroupForum&st.tagId=-606794046&st.groupId=52631988404399&st.page=1&_prevCmd=altGroupForum&tkn=1342&st.rfn=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=http://wmcasher.ru/out.php?url=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=https://google.com.pk/url?q=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=https://www.google.cg/url?q=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=https://ota.caboodleai.net/en/advertisement/handler?returnUrl=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=https://gaggedtop.com/cgi-bin/top/out.cgi?ses=sBZFnVYGjF&id=206&url=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=http://images.google.cl/url?q=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=http://www.phb.sk/gbook/go.php?url=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=https://www.kralen.com/counter.php?link=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=http://www.amateurs-gone-wild.com/cgi-bin/atx/out.cgi?id=233&trade=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=http://dcgreeks.com/ad_redirect.asp?url=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=http://www.finance-company.jp/fndb/rank.cgi?mode=link&id=135&url=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=https://www.pokemonlabs.com/index?URL=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=https://www.paparazzi.ru/rk.php?id=89&event1=banner&event2=click&event3=1+/+9+big+imag&goto=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
<a href=http://foerderverein-bergbad.de/wp-content/plugins/wp-js-external-link-info/redirect.php?url=https://casino-online-nl.site>casino online nl</a>
minecraft mods for minecraft education edition
minecraft-modscraft, 2022.04.06 03:41
<a href=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>cool mods for minecraft</a>
Here you can download the newest and most predominating mods representing minecraft seeking free. Minecraft mods pass on command your profession much more provocative, further items, animals and monsters will-power appear in it. We have mods for mobs and monsters, mods pro weapons to do away with enemies, mods as a replacement for cars and planes to go everywhere the world, tech mods for lovers of mechanisms, mods in behalf of shamanistic through despite those who love the unknown and uncountable other unperturbed mods. The best minecraft mods mods.
<a href=https://minecraft-modscraft.com>mods app for minecraft pe</a>
bitcoin
DavidRag, 2022.04.06 02:07
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/Bitcoin-fur-das-Ergebnis-223867686279539">bitcoin mining lohnt</a>
<a href="https://www.marktex.com.tw/jp/blog/single-article/14-sample-data-article/wordpress/104-phasellus-ullamcorper-blandit-leo.html">bitcoin</a> 147bffe
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182
Test
TeresaPyday, 2022.04.06 20:02